based on differences in average answers to questions from the World Values Survey. Using a simple theoretical model we …

goods. We use linguistic trees, describing the genealogical relationship between the entire set of 6,912 world languages, to …

, partly in response to policies. Our results suggest that more segregated countries in terms of ethnicity and language, i …

sentences were subsequently used by visual artists for a variety of purposes -- to refer to popular culture, to pose verbal … language in visual art was dominated by conceptual artists, and the increasing role of language over time was symptomatic of … intellectual activity, to be read. The prominence of language is yet another way in which the visual art of the twentieth century …

by establishing trade policies that promoted trade within empires. In particular, the use of a common language, the …

innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal … collectivism, in line with recent advances in biology and neuro-science. The effect of culture on long-run growth remains very …

Can some acts of violence be explained by a society's "culture"? Scholars have found it hard to empirically disentangle … the effects of culture, legal institutions, and poverty in driving violence. We address this problem by exploiting a …

country's legal system is more important than its religion and language in explaining shareholder rights. However, a country … international trade, its language, its income per capita, or the origin of its legal system. Catholic countries protect the rights … international trade mitigates the influence of religion on creditor rights. Religion and language are also important predictors of …

culture are more likely to end up adopting democracy earlier than countries with a collectivist culture. Our empirical … analysis suggests a strong and robust association between individualistic culture and average polity scores and length of … countries with collectivist culture are also more likely to experience autocratic breakdowns and transitions from autocracy to …