prison growth in recent decades, and this trend is evident among arrested offenders in every major crime category. Changes in … relative black progress. However, recent data indicate that this progress did not continue, at least among men. The growth of … incarceration rates among black men in recent decades combined with the sharp drop in black employment rates during the Great …

to changes in an individual's own criminal and arrest history. Young males who engage in crime but are not arrested … to engage in crime during subsequent periods. Following an arrest, individuals commit less crime, consistent with …

Among 18-40 year old men in the United States, immigrants are less likely to be institutionalized than the native …-born, and much less likely to be institutionalized than native-born men with similar demographic characteristics. Furthermore …

's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a …. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals …

, incarceration creates large and lasting reductions in recidivism among first offenders. Yet, among marginal repeat offenders … first offenders while encouraging or mandating incarceration sentences for many repeat offenders. We show that methods that … fail to estimate separate outcome equations for first versus repeat offenders or fail to model judge-specific sentencing …

-criminal type, while past criminal experience raises current criminal activity for both types. Also, the age crime profile peaks at …

economics of crime literature, this paper analyzes whether chain gangs reduced road maintenance costs. Using a fixed …