In an 80-country panel since the 1960s, the convergence rate for per capita GDP is around 1.7% per year. This "beta … "iron-law" rate of 2%. In the post-1960s panel, estimation without country fixed effects supports the modernization … long-term panel with country fixed effects also supports modernization, in the sense of positive effects of per capita GDP …

negative effect through reduced openness vis-…-vis the rest of the world. We estimate the growth effects that would have …

reason might be perspective. Most convergence papers frame the analysis in a `Solow world' in which countries exist … independent of one another. But most international trade economists have a very different perspective of a world in which … theory. The key point here is that countries trading is not sufficient proof that trade helps cause per capita income …

We provide methods of decomposing the variance of world national incomes into components in such a way as to indicate … eigenvectors of a variance matrix of residuals produced when country incomes are regressed on world income. Another method uses a … matrix of deviations of country incomes from their respective contract-year shares of world income. The two methods are …

We study patterns of FDI in a multi-country world economy. We develop a model featuring non-homothetic preferences for …