for participants in the Health and Retirement Study to investigate redistribution under the current social security … high lifetime earnings to those with low lifetime earnings. However, much of this apparent redistribution is from men to … the total lifetime earnings, and spouse and survivor benefits are taken into account, the extent of redistribution from …

Building on the existing literature that examines the extent of redistribution in the Social Security system as a whole … virtually no effect on overall inequality. Second, we find that this result is driven largely by the lack of redistribution … bottom of the lifetime income distribution. Third, in cases where redistribution does occur, we find it is not efficiently …

men. This increased the redistribution of Social Security benefits among households. Nevertheless, a considerable gap … less than their husbands. As a result, much of the redistribution at the individual level was effectively from high earning … high income households. Both factors mitigate redistribution at the household level …

annuities, and stocks as well as bonds. Higher labor income uncertainty and lower old-age benefits boost demand for stable …

redistribution creates more post-tax inequality. The welfare state will encounter severe risks when free migration of people, goods …