China and America's other trading partners manipulate their exchange rates, and (b) the nature of the Chinese exchange rate … bilateral deficit, though other variables also turn out to be quite important. On the issue of China's de facto exchange rate …

In this paper, we estimate the benefits to countries that purchase goods from China of having access to intermediary … services provided by Hong Kong. Traders in Hong Kong supply information on markets and producers in China, which provides … China exported to the rest of the world. Our results suggests that gains to intermediary services provided by Hong Kong …

In this paper, we examine Hong Kong's role in intermediating trade between China and the rest of the world. Hong Kong … distributes a large fraction of China's exports. Net of customs, insurance, and freight charges, re-exports of Chinese goods are … higher for differentiated products, products with higher variance in export prices, products sent to China for further …

China's trade has three features: high incidence of re-exports through Hong Kong, high degree of trade related to ….S. data and accounting for re-exports, the U.S.-China trade balance has to be lowered by 35 percent. Foreign investments in … China accounted for 45 percent of China's exports. Foreign investments include foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign …