We critically review the emerging literature in Organizational and Personnel Economics concerning the role of managers … and management practices. Our focus is on the middle managers who populate the hierarchies between top executives and …

's performance. An important finding is that, even though all managers in this bank are given a formal set of human resource policies …

unique aspect of this survey is it collected management data from the CEO, a random sample of senior managers and workers. We … poorly managed firms. This distribution of management scores is similar for CEOs, senior managers and workers management, and …, we find that the CEO's management scores are the most predictive of firm performance, followed by the senior managers and …

shareholders and managers in which managers have private benefits or private costs of investment. Managers overinvest when they …, in isolation, is insufficient to identify whether managers have private benefits or private costs of investment. In order … to identify whether managers have private benefits or costs, we estimate the joint relationships between incentives and …