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pharmaceutical patent protection alone does not stimulate domestic innovation, as estimated by the US patent awards (both raw counts … either. Imports, however, did flourish. Second, national patent law implementation demonstrates conditional importance for … positive relationships with the domestic R&D expenditure and domestic pharmaceutical patent awards in the US. The interaction …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012462357
We analyze the joint dynamics of religious beliefs, scientific progress and coalitional politics along both religious and economic lines. History offers many examples of the recurring tensions between science and organized religion, but as part of the paper's motivating evidence we also uncover...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012457561
past innovations. With full patent protection, followers can catch up to the leader in their industry either by making the … simple form of licensing. Second, we show that full patent protection is not optimal from the viewpoint of maximizing the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465887
Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in … success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012457935
century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014486228
We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size, in their capacities for innovation … policies in a non-cooperative regime of patent protection, we ask, Why are patents longer in the North? We also study …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012470011
, beginning with a brief history of international patent systems and facts about the current use of patents around the world. I … followed by a review of recent work by myself and co-authors on regional patent systems, the impact of patents on firm …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481786
. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from …-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012533323
Patent counts are very imperfect measures of innovative output. This paper discusses how additional data-the number of … years a patent is renewed and the number of countries in which protection for the same invention is sought - can be used to … proposed which may remove half of the noise in patent counts as a measure of innovative output. The paper also illustrates how …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012473093
This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for … different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived from parametric estimation of a model of patent … renewal, using a new data set on patent renewals in France during the period 1969-1987. The results show that patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012475220