predictions using individual-level data from Medicare, which in 2004 began risk-adjusting payments to private Medicare Advantage …Governments often contract with private firms to provide public services such as health care and education. To decrease … firms' incentives to selectively enroll low-cost individuals, governments frequently "risk-adjust" payments to firms based …

discussed, along with premium support, enrollment mandates, guaranteed issue, and risk adjustment, as remedies for selection … 2010. Enrollment mandates, premium subsidies, and risk adjustment can improve the stability and relative efficiency of the …

This paper provides an empirical investigation into the relationship between ex ante U.S. labor contract durations and … uncertainty. The results not only corroborate previous findings of an inverse relationship between contract duration and inflation …

We analyze the contractual relation between workers and their employers when there is nominal risk. The key feature of … eliminate all nominal risk for the parties (by fully indexing the terms of the contracts to the price level) but they would be … re-negotiated. Foreseeing this, the parties to the contract will write one that is renegotiation-proof. Under such a …

landowners that their land is at risk for expropriation. Utilizing data across all counties in Brazil, we found that land …

sharecropping with two sided efforts/investments, namely, complete contract models either without wealth constraints (Eswaran …-Kotwal (1985)), or with a wealth constrained tenant (Mookherjee (1997), Banerjee-Gertler-Ghatak (2002)); and incomplete contract … holdup models without wealth constraints (Grossman-Hart (1986)). In the absence of wealth constraints the complete contract …