This paper examines the regional distribution of public employment in Italy. It documents two sets of facts. This first … the wage bill in the South of Italy can be identified as a subsidy. Both the size of public employment and the level of … is the use of public employment as a subsidy from the North to the less wealthy South. We calculate that about half of …

credit, and reduce their employment and capital. However, when policy rates are constrained by the effective lower bound …, demand effects are stronger, leading firms to raise their prices more and no longer reduce their employment …

employment, socio-emotional skills, high school graduation, election participation, and obesity. Comparisons with individuals …

.e., the participation cycle, which are important for the implementation of the maximum employment mandate. We show that these … pressures on employment from participation are two-thirds that of unemployment. Moreover, the participation cycle delays the … recovery in employment because it lags the unemployment cycle. It also amplifies the unevenness of the impact of recessions …

filled jobs. Under counterfactual policies that resemble traditional employment regulation, buyers post fewer online jobs and … results suggest that neither online or offline knowledge workers will benefit from applying traditional employment regulation …

attachment. Exploiting variation in labor market tightness across metropolitan areas, we show that the employment of populations … the employment of less attached workers when the central bank follows an average inflation targeting rule and when the …

: generating a sufficient number of jobs at reasonable wages to absorb their rapidly growing populations into productive employment … of the principal effects of population growth on labor supply and employment in the developing economies of the world. On … population growth, labor supply, employment shifts, and growth of output per worker are presented and discussed.The key result of …

Affirmative Action is not only supposed to help move minorities and females into employment, it is also supposed to …. Using disaggregated employment data in a new sample of nearly 10,000 establishments,this study finds that Affirmative Action … was generally successful during the late 1910's in increasing minority employment in skilled white-collar occupations as …

decline of profitability and employment in manufacturing, and simulated using annual data from 1950 to 1979. The wage …

literature for over thirty years. The wages and employment o typographers are examined to see whether they can be usefully … characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment and is … wages and employment of these workers compared with our more general formulation …