Using patent data from the United States, Japan, and Germany, this paper examines both the innovation and diffusion of …) standards, both Japan and Germany introduced stringent nitrogen dioxide (NOX) standards much earlier than the US. Nonetheless … environmental regulations. Moreover, any technology transfer that occurs appears to be indirect. Domestic innovation occurs even for …

United Kingdom, Japan, and the United States. Available data on the capital-output ratio suggest that these countries grew as … present a multicountry model of technological innovation and diffusion which has the implication that, for a wide range of …

Canada, the U.S.and Japan. Utilizing an econometric cost function methodology, we are able to isolate the major source of …

this line of research to Asia. Japan imposed its system of well-defined property rights in land on some of its Asian … colonies, including Korea, Taiwan and Palau. In 1939 Japan began to survey and register private land in its island colonies, an … land registration obsolete. Third, considering all of Japan's colonies, we use the presence or absence of a land survey as …

growth varies considerably over time and across the four countries, and it is always less important, except in Japan, than … Japan (30%), while TFP levels are very close in France, the United Kingdom and the United States, but much lower (40%) in … Japan …

Japan's zaibatsu, or pyramidal business groups, provided this coordination after the Meiji government failed at the task. We … that unique historical circumstances aided their success in prewar Japan. Specifically, Japan uniquely marginalized its …

This paper studies the evolution of income concentration in Japan from 1886 to 2002 by constructing long-run series of … despite the high economic growth; and (4) top income composition in Japan has shifted dramatically from capital income to … Japan have remained remarkably stable over the recent decades. We show that the change in technology or tax policies alone …

(1700-1850), the United States (1790-1850), and Japan (1880-1913) suggests that the emergence of financial instruments …