This study examines the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to war violence on cognitive and developmental outcomes … consistent effects. These results highlight the intergenerational consequences of war conflict, emphasizing the need for …

This paper measures the effects of the risk of war on nine U.S. financial variables using a heteroskedasticity …-based estimation technique. The results indicate that increases in the risk of war cause declines in Treasury yields and equity prices …, a widening of lower-grade corporate spreads, a fall in the dollar, and a rise in oil prices. This war risk factor …

We analyze financial market data in order to produce an ex-ante assessment of the economic consequences of war with …'s price provides a plausible estimate of the probability of war. The spot oil price has moved closely with the Saddam Security …, suggesting that war raises oil prices by around $10 per barrel. Futures prices imply that markets expect these large immediate …

This study uses discontinuities in U.S. strategies employed during the Vietnam War to estimate their causal impacts. It …

We study whether war service by one generation affects service by the next generation in later wars, in the context of … service implies that how close to age 21 an individual's father happened to be at a time of war is a key determinant of the … father's likelihood of participation. We find that a father's war service experience has a positive and significant effect on …

powers, the government was able to fund the war by borrowing and levying taxes. In major wars, however, there came a point …