financial crisis of the 20th century - the Great Depression. Using balance-sheet and systemic risk measures at the bank level …, we build an econometric model with incidental truncation that jointly considers bank survival, the type of bank closure … (consolidations, absorption, and failures), and changes to bank risk. Despite roughly 9,000 bank closures, risk did not leave the …

bank approval disparity is also larger in more racially biased counties. We conclude that insofar as automation by fintechs …

that makes risky long-term loans to firms, funded by deposits from savers. Government guarantees create a role for bank …