surrounding these technologies. Along with mitigation and adaptation, climate engineering technologies can be incorporated into …

How do communication costs affect the production of new ideas and inventions? To answer this question, we study the … showing how a fall in communication costs can increase the rate at which scientific knowledge is exchanged and new ideas and …

analysis is done for a small, open economy. The existence of such costs can justify tariff and inflation tax policies as …This paper derives the dependency of optimal tariff and inflation tax on tax collection and enforcement costs. The … the costs of tax collection …

costs and quantities. Unfortunately, neither in ordinary language nor in the jargon of moral philosophy can such ultimate … desiderata as liberty and justice be related to costs or quantities. Hence in the first section we sketch a model of social …

and concentration and recovers shocks to entry costs. We validate our approach by showing that the model-implied entry … shocks correlate with independently constructed measures of entry regulation and M&A activities. We conclude that entry costs …

are not well known. This paper establishes five new facts about college costs using novel department-level data. First …, costs vary widely across field, ranging from electrical engineering (109 percent higher costs than English) to math (22 … percent lower). Costs are generally higher in fields where graduates earn more and in pre-professional programs. Second, this …