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Measuring the Commercial Potential of Science
Masclans, Roger; Hasan, Sharique; Cohen, Wesley M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014512116
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The Government Patent Register : A New Resource for Measuring U.S. Government-Funded Patenting
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
We introduce new historical administrative data identifying U.S. government-funded patents since the early twentieth … century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014486228
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Invention Value, Inventive Capability and the Large Firm Advantage
Arora, Ashish; Cohen, Wesley M.; Lee, Honggi; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Do large firms produce more valuable inventions, and if so, why? After confirming that large firms indeed produce more valuable inventions, we consider two possible sources: a superior ability to invent, or a superior ability to extract value from their inventions. We develop a simple model that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013362008
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Gender and Underrepresented Minority Differences in Research Funding
Cruz Castro, Laura; Ginther, Donna K.; Sanz Menéndez, Luis - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334326
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Intellectual Property Protection Lost and Competition : An Examination Using Machine Learning
Acikalin, Utku U.; Caskurlu, Tolga; Hoberg, Gerard; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
employment agreements. We consider firms whose ability to protect intellectual property (IP) using patents is weakened following … the Alice Corp. vs. CLS Bank International Supreme Court decision. This decision has impacted patents in multiple areas …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462719
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Scope, Scale and Concentration : The 21st Century Firm
Hoberg, Gerard; Phillips, Gordon M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We provide evidence that over the past 30 years, U.S. firms have expanded their scope of operations. Increases in scope and scale were achieved largely without increasing traditional operating segments. Scope expansion significantly increases valuation and is primarily realized through...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462720
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Of Academics and Creative Destruction : Startup Advantage in the Process of Innovation
Kolev, Julian; Haughey, Alexis; Murray, Fiona E. S.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
generate predictions related to the value and impact of startup innovation. We then explore these predictions using patents …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013362016
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Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment
Frankel, Alex; Krieger, Joshua L.; Li, Danielle; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
We examine the role of spillover learning in shaping the value of exploratory versus incremental R&D. Using data from drug development, we show that novel drug candidates generate more knowledge spillovers than incremental ones. Despite being less likely to reach regulatory approval, they are...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014287391
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Production Function Estimation Using Subjective Expectations Data
Norris Keiller, Agnes; Paula, Áureo de; Van Reenen, John - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
Standard methods for estimating production functions in the Olley and Pakes (1996) tradition require assumptions on input choices. We introduce a new method that exploits (increasingly available) data on a firm's expectations of its future output and inputs that allows us to obtain consistent...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014635688
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Do Stronger IPR Incentivize Female Participation in Innovation? Evidence from Chinese AI Patents
Agrawal, Shubhangi; Rathi, Sawan; Chatterjee, Chirantan; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
this question using a unique database of artificial intelligence patents publicly shared by the USPTO. Our identification … significant rise in the number of female inventors and an increase in the number of patents with females on inventor teams vis … artificial intelligence patents with female inventors on the team improved. Results are robust controlling for unobserved …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014576575