penalty affect their monitoring. Our results suggest that they are more likely to vote against management after observing how …

To understand leadership, it is necessary to understand the purpose of an organization. Organizations are hierarchies … specific contributions of leaders. Leadership is the ability to successfully manage transaction costs of an organization …

Enterprises (SOEs) in India. The program gave managers (the board of directors) of profitable SOEs more autonomy over strategic … that a manager subsequently joins a board of a private firm is greater for managers of those SOEs which were granted … may occur partly through managers' career concerns …

, and market opportunities. This know-how can be reallocated across countries as managers acquire control of factors of …

Corporate managers who own a majority of the common stock in their company or who represent another firm owning such an … interest appear to be less constrained than managers of diffusely held firms, yet their power to harm minority shareholders …. Finally, there is little evidence that new organizational mechanisms have evolved to constrain managers who own large blocks …

We empirically analyze the nature of returns to scale in active mutual fund management. We find strong evidence of … avoid econometric biases are insignificant. We also find that the active management industry has become more skilled over …

across organizations. A remaining question, however, is whether it is managers themselves or firm-wide management practices … this setting, managers move between stores but management practices are set by firm policy and largely fixed, allowing us …Across many sectors, research has established that management explains a notable portion of productivity differences …