, technology, and geography, and that none of these alone is sufficient to account for the diverse patterns of global growth. We … that geography's effects on development occurred exclusively through its effects on this historical institutional … in the natural resource base and physical geography (e.g. distance to coast), and by the amplification of those …

technology was a major part of the government response. The U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) led a major … World War II innovation model in other crises. In this essay we describe exactly how it worked. We do so first through a … general overview of how OSRD approached several questions that may confront any crisis innovation effort: priority setting …

In this paper, we extend the growth model to include firm-specific technology capital and use it to assess the gains … from opening to foreign direct investment. A firm's technology capital is its unique know-how from investing in research … and development, brands, and organization capital. What distinguishes technology capital from other forms of capital is …

We estimate the effects of technology investments on the demand for skilled workers using longitudinally integrated … employer-employee data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Program infrastructure files … unobservable components within each business for each year from 1992 to 1997. We measure technology using variables from the Annual …

revolutions. In the model, the average productivity of a new technology is uncertain and subject to learning. During technological …

Well functioning Markets for Technology (MFT) allow inventors to sell their inventions to others that may derive more …

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes …

This paper addresses the complex relationship between geography and macroeconomic growth. We investigate the ways in … which geography may matter directly for growth, controlling for economic policies and institutions, as well as the effects … of geography on policy choices and institutions. We find that location and climate have large effects on income levels …