percentage points of the tariffs are explained by terms of trade considerations. Decomposing the politically-optimal tariff in …

preference by economists for factor or product taxes and subsidies over tariffs and export subsidies may not be justified in this …

uncertain future increases in tariffs. Second, even though the trade response can be quite large, the probability of a tariff …

This paper documents a new fact, then analyzes its causes and consequences: in most countries, import tariffs and non …, substantially accounts for this pattern. The downstream pattern can be explained by theories where industries lobby for low tariffs …

available and an efficiency ranking is feasible: tariffs vs. non-tariff barriers (NTBs). In our policy choice model a government … bargaining with domestic SIGs can gain by constraining tariffs through international agreements even if this leads to the use of … indicates NTBs are less efficient than the tariffs they imperfectly replace. Moreover, we find parametric and non …

) with foreign countries. The resulting trade agreements reduced U.S. tariffs and culminated in the General Agreement on … Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947. Was the Great Depression responsible for bringing about this fundamental shift in U.S. trade …

unilateral climate policies. Embodied carbon tariffs tax the direct and indirect carbon emissions embodied in imported goods. The …, carbon tariffs could substantially extend the reach of OECD climate policies. We investigate this claim by simulating the … effects of embodied carbon tariffs with a computable general equilibrium model of global trade and energy use. We find that …

Import tariffs tend to be higher for final goods than for inputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as tariff …-maximizing tariffs are uniform across sectors. We show that tariff escalation can be rationalized on efficiency grounds in the presence … up the chain for final-good tariffs, input tariffs may drive final-good producers to relocate abroad, mitigating their …

in import tariffs, and we apply this method to the United States. Tariff revenue is assumed to be distributed on a per …-capita basis, so states with greater production will experience a welfare gain from tariffs on those products (due to rising … states benefitted from reduced tariffs, with national welfare gains of $5.8 billion or $50 per household in 2017. These …