, switching to low- sulfur coal, or shifting output between generating plants with different emissions. The cost of achieving a …

We conduct the first study on the impacts of prenatal exposure to a uniquely identified large polluter, a coal …

coal smoke, arguing that before 1890 Londoners burned excessive amounts of soft coal, while in the years following, a … series of legal, demographic, and technological changes mitigated the production of coal smoke. This paper asks two questions … changes in the production of coal smoke, or were they the result of some broader meteorological phenomenon. The evidence we …

In recent years, the share of U.S electricity generated by coal has fallen from nearly 50% to 33%. The costs of this … transition are spatially concentrated, and mining states have already lost income due to the reduced demand for coal. Coal states … states and counties with substantial mining activity are more likely to be coal fired and to purchase more within political …

approach to data from British cities for 1851-1911. I show that local industrial coal use substantially reduced long-run city … employment growth over this period. Moreover, a counterfactual analysis suggests that plausible improvements in coal use …

There has been a widespread displacement of coal by natural gas as space heating and cooking technology in Turkey in …