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Intellectual Property Protection Lost and Competition : An Examination Using Machine Learning

Acikalin, Utku U.; Caskurlu, Tolga; Hoberg, Gerard; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

We examine the impact of lost intellectual property protection on innovation, competition, acquisitions, lawsuits and employment agreements. We consider firms whose ability to protect intellectual property (IP) using patents is weakened following the Alice Corp. vs. CLS Bank International...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462719

Scope, Scale and Concentration : The 21st Century Firm

Hoberg, Gerard; Phillips, Gordon M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

We provide evidence that over the past 30 years, U.S. firms have expanded their scope of operations. Increases in scope and scale were achieved largely without increasing traditional operating segments. Scope expansion significantly increases valuation and is primarily realized through...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462720

Author Country of Origin and Attention on Open Science Platforms : Evidence from COVID-19 Preprints

Fry, Caroline; MacGarvie, Megan - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023

Online platforms such as preprint servers have become an important way to disseminate new scientific knowledge prior to peer review. However, little is known about how attention to preprints may vary across authors from different countries of origin, particularly relative to evaluation in...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014337798

Gans, Joshua - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024

new challenges for copyright policy as such models may be trained on data that includes copy-protected content. This paper … examines this issue from an economics perspective and analyses how different copyright regimes for generative AI will impact … small AI models, it is found that giving original content providers copyright protection leads to superior social welfare …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014486198

Measuring the Commercial Potential of Science

Masclans, Roger; Hasan, Sharique; Cohen, Wesley M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024

This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014512116

Gender and Underrepresented Minority Differences in Research Funding

Cruz Castro, Laura; Ginther, Donna K.; Sanz Menéndez, Luis - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334326

The Government Patent Register : A New Resource for Measuring U.S. Government-Funded Patenting

Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024

We introduce new historical administrative data identifying U.S. government-funded patents since the early twentieth century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014486228

Invention Value, Inventive Capability and the Large Firm Advantage

Arora, Ashish; Cohen, Wesley M.; Lee, Honggi; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

Do large firms produce more valuable inventions, and if so, why? After confirming that large firms indeed produce more valuable inventions, we consider two possible sources: a superior ability to invent, or a superior ability to extract value from their inventions. We develop a simple model that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013362008

Of Academics and Creative Destruction : Startup Advantage in the Process of Innovation

Kolev, Julian; Haughey, Alexis; Murray, Fiona E. S.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

What is the role of startups within the innovation ecosystem? Since 2000, startups have grown in their share of commercializing research from top U.S. universities; however, prior work has little to say on the particular advantages of startup ventures in the innovation process relative to more...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013362016

Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment

Frankel, Alex; Krieger, Joshua L.; Li, Danielle; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023

We examine the role of spillover learning in shaping the value of exploratory versus incremental R&D. Using data from drug development, we show that novel drug candidates generate more knowledge spillovers than incremental ones. Despite being less likely to reach regulatory approval, they are...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014287391

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