channels. First, trade raises productivity levels because producers gain access to new imported varieties. Second, increases in … that aggregates these micro gains to obtain an estimate of trade on productivity growth for each country. We find that in … the typical country in the world, new imported varieties account for 15 percent of its productivity growth. These effects …

-ante study of the economic impacts of climate change, and an ex-post evaluation of the China productivity shock on the U …

productivity and the other decreasing transportation costs, and in which agglomeration economies lead to persistence in urban … locations. In countries that developed early, structural transformation due to rising agricultural productivity began at a time …

appreciation because of differential productivity growth between tradable and nontradable sectors) using data of the APEC economies … Kong and Singapore grew fast, their real exchange rates appreciated only moderately. High productivity growth in service …

faster productivity growth. Although the use of instrumental variables goes a long way towards dealing with endogeneity …

has led many economists to believe that productivity growth in these economies, particularly in their manufacturing … productivity) gains from an outward orientation. This view fails to take into account the equally unusual rapid growth of both … envelope calculations to show that, as regards productivity growth in the aggregate economy and in manufacturing in particular …