rises with geopolitical tensions, and war losers suffer from higher debt devaluation than victors. Even though higher debt …, unless war is realized and induces a hegemonic transition. For high debt capacity, transitional dynamics exhibit geopolitical … the absence of war …

We discuss the impacts of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian science. Using newly collected data, we show that the war … beginning of the war. Hence, reconstruction efforts that focus on supporting scientists to continue in the research sector, and … return to Ukraine after the war has ended, are likely to have the greatest impact on long-run scientific productivity in …

As of this writing, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are in their eighth and tenth years, having accrued nearly a … the implications of the war costs themselves. Besides the unanticipated length and breadth of the military conflicts … motivations associated with war cost forecasts by comparing them with other types of aggregate forecasts, which are prone to …

Resources to fight the War for Independence from Great Britain (1775-1783) were to be provided to the U.S. Congress by …, largely flowed to where the theater of war was located. Thus a geographic imbalance in revenue and spending arose. Because …

Using both the onset of the US-China trade war in 2018 and the most recent Russia-Ukraine war and associated trade …

locations outside of major urban centers for security reasons during the United States' industrial mobilization for World War II …