competition affect the incentives given to scientists, and these effects interact. First, high knowledge spillovers lead firms to … soften incentives when product market competition is high, and to strengthen incentives when competition is low. Second, the … relationship between the intensity of competition and the power of incentives is U-shaped, with the exact shape depending on the …

distorted R&D incentives; the deadweight loss from this distortion can be as large as the entire producer-surplus difference …

We provide a model and empirical tests showing how an active acquisition market affects firm incentives to innovate and … through acquisition. Our model and evidence show that the R&D responsiveness of firms increases with demand, competition and …

Several programs have been proposed to improve incentives for research on vaccines for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV …

vaccines could create incentives for vaccine research and increase accessibility of any vaccines developed. Private firms … incentives to self-select research projects that have a reasonable chance of leading to a vaccine. Committing to purchase …

Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit … incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an exercise in understanding … incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined and analyzed to determine their incentive effects. For example, what …

Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this … product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … with step-by-step innovation models predicting that product market competition enhances innovation and, more importantly …

the opportunity for managerial slack. Consistent with the notion that competition mitigates managerial slack, we find that …, firms in competitive industries experience no significant effect. When we examine which agency problem competition mitigates …