declines by about 25 percent in the following 1 to 3 years. Patenting in important technologies, as well as a patent …

Administration (FDA) from 1985 to 2022. Our primary analyses focus on the 883 new molecular entities with at least one patent listed … in the FDA's Orange Book since 1985. While 9 percent of these drugs have a public-sector patent, only 2.5 percent have …

.S. Patent Office since 2001, we find that startups that win the patent "lottery" by drawing lenient examiners have, on average …, 55% higher employment growth and 80% higher sales growth five years later. Patent winners also pursue more, and higher … quality, follow-on innovation. Winning a first patent boosts a startup's subsequent growth and innovation by facilitating …

innovation policy--top-down vs. bottom-up priority setting, concentrated vs. distributed funding, patent policy, and managing …

together multiple human capital, government spending, and patent datasets. The U.S. Federal Government innovates along four …