crime, and the penalty and probability of detection. We find that the probability of stealing is increasing in the amount of …

alone cannot identify the deterrent effect of capital punishment. How then should research proceed? It is tempting to impose … places and time. The results are findings of partial identification that bound the deterrent effect of capital punishment. By …

This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of juvenile punishment on adult criminal recidivism and high school … completion. We link the universe of case files of those who were convicted of a crime as a juvenile between 1996 and 2012 in a … to utilize information on the exact types of crimes committed, as well as the type and duration of punishment imposed …

, primarily through an increase in guilty pleas. Pre-trial detention has no detectable effect on future crime, but decreases pre …-trial crime and failures to appear in court. We also find suggestive evidence that pre-trial detention decreases formal sector …

Private expenditures on crime reduction have potentially important externalities. Observable measures such as barbed …-wire fences and deadbolt locks may shift crime to those who are unprotected, imposing a negative externality. Unobservable … precautions, on the other hand, may provide positive externalities since criminals cannot determine a priori who is protected …

This article surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law -- the use of public agents (inspectors, tax auditors …, police, prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. We first present the basic elements of the theory … examine a variety of extensions of the central theory, concerning accidental harms, costs of imposing fines, errors, general …