(majority) of "Bumiputera" (mainly Malays). Since then, Malaysia's official poverty measures indicate one of the fastest long …-term rates of poverty reduction in the world, due to both economic growth and falling inequality. Did ethnic inequality fall … since 1969 and was that a key factor in the country's success in reducing poverty and in managing inequality? New measures …

We evaluate progress in President's Johnson's War on Poverty. We do so relative to the scientifically arbitrary but … policy relevant 20 percent baseline poverty rate he established for 1963. No existing poverty measure fully captures poverty … reductions based on the standard that President Johnson set. To fill this gap, we develop a Full-income Poverty Measure with …

countries on poverty and average incomes in poor countries. We find no support in the cross-country analysis for the claim that … OECD polices worsen poverty in developing countries. To better understand what might drive these results, we turn to …

using the Current Population Survey (CPS), the source of official poverty and inequality statistics. We link administrative … income of poor households. Underreporting in the survey data also greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs … and changes our understanding of program targeting. Using the combined data rather than survey data alone, the poverty …

Targeting is a core element of anti-poverty program design, with benefits typically targeted to those most "deprived … ML approaches, could reach divergent conclusions. We discuss implications for the design of real-world anti-poverty …