Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit … incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an exercise in understanding … incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined and analyzed to determine their incentive effects. For example, what …

About 20 percent of the gross investment expenditures of U.S. manufacturing firms is expenditures on research and …

research output, the time and cost to completion, and the market demand for the R&D output. The model is then applied to study … the world. To address this issue, world organizations and private foundations are willing to sponsor vaccine R&D, but … there is no consensus on how to administer the sponsorship effectively. Different research incentive contracts are examined …

Investment in research and development (R&D) affects a country's total factor productivity. Recently new theories of …

research remains an isolated or 'ivory tower' activity, with weak connectivity to public use, little relationship between the … quality of research and its public use, and little correspondence between the funding of science and its public use. This …

to a resolution: World War II and the COVID-19 pandemic. After providing an overview of the main elements of each of … World War II effort and use these lessons to speculate on the potential long-run effects of the COVID-19 crisis on …

Feeding the world's growing population is one of the most critical policy challenges for the 21st century. With … promising path meet the nutrient needs for future generations. At the same time, the increasing variability in the world …, there is an active discussion on the returns to public and private spending in agricultural R&D, and many of the world …

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers, researchers, and journalists have made comparisons to World … War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the … Allied war effort, including significant investments in medical research which yielded innovations like mass …