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Life is Cheap : Using Mortality Bonds to Hedge Aggregate Mortality Risk
Friedberg, Leora - 2006
Using the widely-cited Lee-Carter mortality model, we quantify aggregate mortality risk as the risk that the average … substantial mortality risk. We calculate that a markup of 3.7% on an annuity premium (or else shareholders' capital equal to 3 …. Insurance companies could deal with aggregate mortality risk by transferring it to financial markets through mortality …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012466687
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Safeguarding Consumers Through Minimum Quality Standards : Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013210091
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The Multigenerational Impact of Children and Childcare Policies
Karademir, Sencer; Laliberté, Jean-William P.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces employment and earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014512058
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The Negligible Effect of Free Contraception on Fertility : Experimental Evidence from Burkina Faso
Dupas, Pascaline; Jayachandran, Seema; Lleras-Muney, Adriana - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
We conducted a randomized trial among 14,545 households in rural Burkina Faso to test the oft-cited hypothesis that limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this hypothesis. Women who were given free access to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014544706
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The Cyclicality of Births and Babies' Health, Revisited : Evidence from Unemployment Insurance
Dettling, Lisa J.; Kearney, Melissa Schettini - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
We revisit the cyclical nature of birth rates and infant health and investigate to what extent the relationship between aggregate labor market conditions and birth outcomes is mitigated by the consumption smoothing income assistance delivered through unemployment insurance (UI). We introduce a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014226134
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Unconditional Cash Transfers for Families with Children in the U.S : A Scoping Review
Shah, Hema; Gennetian, Lisa A. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
Children represent the largest indirect beneficiaries of the U.S. social welfare system. Yet, many questions remain about the direct benefits of cash aid to children. The current understanding of the impacts of cash aid in the U.S. is drawn primarily from studies of in-kind benefits, tax...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014226162
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Parenting Promotes Social Mobility Within and Across Generations
García García-Menéndez, Jorge Luis; Heckman, James J. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within and across generations. Instead of conducting a standard meta-analysis, we present a harmonized primary data analysis of programs that shape current policy. Our analysis is a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013435172
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Health Care Centralization : The Health Impacts of Obstetric Unit Closures in the US
Fischer, Stefanie; Royer, Heather; White, Corey D. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Over the last few decades, health care services in the United States have become more centralized. We study how the loss of hospital-based obstetric units in over 400 rural counties affect maternal and infant health via a difference-in-differences design. We find that closures lead to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334360
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Is Our Fiscal System Discouraging Marriage? A New Look at the Marriage Tax
Ilin, Elias; Kotlikoff, Laurence J.; Pitts, Melinda - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We develop, apply, and test a new measure of the marriage tax - the reduction in future spending from getting married - using SCF and ACS data. Our measure incorporates all major and most minor U.S. tax and benefit programs. And it assumes clone marriage - marrying oneself - to ensure the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334378
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Age and the labor market for Hispanics in the United States
Lahey, Joanna; Mosquera, Roberto M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We explore the labor market for Hispanic high school graduates in the United States by age using information from the US Census, American Community Survey, Current Population Survey, and three laboratory experiments. We find, in general, that the differences in outcomes for Hispanic and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334390