produce. The utility of VA models for performance evaluation depends on the extent to which VA estimates are biased by … evaluating bias in VA is to test for balance in lagged values of the outcome, based on the intuition that today's inputs cannot …, tests for balance using lagged outcomes do not provide robust information about the degree of bias in value-added models for …

students' demographic characteristics and previous scores. This paper tests for VAM bias using a procedure that asks whether … model describing the joint distribution of school value-added, bias, and lottery compliance. We use this model to assess the … substantive importance of bias in conventional VAM estimates and to construct hybrid value-added estimates that optimally combine …

individuals can exhibit both primacy bias towards the first option and recency bias towards the last option. We examine this …; however, there is also some recency bias, with the last paper listed receiving more views, downloads and cites. The results …

We use unique data from journal submissions to identify and unpack publication bias and p-hacking. We find that initial … publication bias in peer review. Desk-rejected manuscripts display greater heaping than those sent for review i.e. marginally …

') bias in the estimates and, after due account is taken of this bias, we find that differences due to estimation method are …