industrialization opportunities …

. Higher efficiency in Europe is seen only in the nineteenth century when industrialization was already underway. Moreover …Prevailing views suggest the Industrial Revolution began in Europe because markets had gradually become more efficient … compares the actual performance of markets in Europe and China, two regions of the world that were relatively advanced in the …

As measured by the pace of city growth in western Europe from 1000 to 1800. absolutist monarchs stunted the growth of …

In the centuries leading up to the Industrial Revolution, Western Europe gradually pulled ahead of other world regions … explain the rise of Europe relative to regions that relied on the transmission of knowledge within extended families or clans …

, raising average wages significantly, which in turn facilitated industrialization. We analyze the rise of this first socio …

opportunities to access elite status than Premodern Europe, for example via the civil service exam and the absence of hereditary … differences in the power structure of society: (1) the Ruler enjoyed weaker absolute power in Europe; (2) the People were more on … differences between Imperial China and Premodern Europe, as well as specific institutions such as the bureaucracy in China and the …

European parliaments--a blueprint for Western Europe's institutional framework that promoted state-formation and economic …