affect the overall rate at which innovation occurs in the economy. This essay provides an introduction to and review of the … research on social networks most relevant to innovation, with a particular focus on the earliest stages of the innovation … importance of social relationships to innovation or alter the patterns of relationships in ways that might promote innovation …

complementarity. This amplification enables our model to nearly fully account for the income gap between India and the US without …

Can frontier innovation be sustained under autocracy? We argue that innovation and autocracy can be mutually … stimulates further innovation in applications beyond those benefiting it directly. We test for such a mutually reinforcing … relationship in the context of facial recognition AI in China. To do so, we gather comprehensive data on AI firms and government …

the allocation and impacts of innovation subsidies, using the data from the China Employer Employee Survey (CEES). We find … that the innovation subsidies are preferentially allocated to state owned firms and politically connected firms. Of these … also find that the firms that receive innovation subsidies file and receive more patents, are more likely to introduce new …

Investments in the US Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine and Innovation (STEMI) enterprise come from many … innovative than government or business funding alone would yield. It also enables significant innovation in the development of … human capital in STEMI areas. We conclude with a comparison of the US research ecosystem to that of China to understand how …

We quantify the link between the timing of state-level implementations of political reservations for women in India … with the role of women in India's manufacturing sector. While overall employment of women in manufacturing does not … heightened entrepreneurship is due to channels like greater finance access or heightened inspiration for women entrepreneurs …

Global innovation and entrepreneurship has traditionally been dominated by a handful of high-income countries … the dramatic growth of high-potential entrepreneurship and venture capital in China. First, using comprehensive data on …-ranging positive consequences, including a rise in serial entrepreneurship, cross-sector spillovers, innovation, and broader measures …

If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital …. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only … can both directly increase innovation and reduce its cost. This paper examines the evidence on human capital policies for …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

state of the literature on the economics of innovation and highlight open policy questions. We first articulate the key … market failures in markets for innovation, and then discuss how both scientific norms and market-oriented policies help … between innovation and inequality …