firms to serve foreign markets either through exports or local subsidiary sales (FDI). These modes of market access involve … aggregate export and FDI sales relative to the domestic and foreign market sizes. In particular, it is shown that firm level … heterogeneity is an important determinant of relative export and FDI flows. We use the model to derive testable empirical …

others serve foreign markets through exports and/or FDI. When overseas production offers no cost advantages, our model … reverse this prediction. Data for 1070 large Japanese firms reveal that firms that invest abroad and export are more … productive than firms that just export. Among overseas investors, more productive firms span a wider range of host-country income …

magnitude and direction of FDI spillovers. We examine these spillover effects across the diverse ownership structure of China …

model of export behavior to derive a logit specification for the probability a firm exports. Using panel data on Mexican …Case studies of export behavior suggest that firms who penetrate foreign markets reduce entry costs for other potential … associated with one firm's export activity reduce the cost of foreign market access for other firms. We identify two potential …