1860, we estimate the responsiveness of domestic production to fluctuations in import prices and conclude that the industry …

century of data. The results show that the standard import-weighted average tariff understates the TRI, defined as the uniform … thereafter to less than one-tenth of one percent of GDP by the early 1960s. On average, import duties resulted in a welfare loss …

Import tariffs tend to be higher for final goods than for inputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as tariff … escalation. Yet neoclassical trade theory - and modern Ricardian trade models, in particular - predict that welfare …-maximizing tariffs are uniform across sectors. We show that tariff escalation can be rationalized on efficiency grounds in the presence …

in import tariffs, and we apply this method to the United States. Tariff revenue is assumed to be distributed on a per …-capita basis, so states with greater production will experience a welfare gain from tariffs on those products (due to rising … states benefitted from reduced tariffs, with national welfare gains of $5.8 billion or $50 per household in 2017. These …

reports a set of world tariff facts for the 150 years between 1789 and 1938 that have not been well appreciated. First, tariff … industrially-lagging Europe, and more steeply even in Asia. Furthermore, after world tariff rates rose between 1865 and 1900, they … world tariff facts come from two sources: Stolper-Samuelson -- scarce factors should lobby for protection when exposed to …

sensitive to changes in import prices. Although import price fluctuations had a much greater impact on U.S. production than … changes in import duties, our estimates suggest that the tariff permitted domestic output to be about thirty to forty percent …