Expansion of the use of student test score data to measure teacher performance has fueled recent policy interest in … using those data to measure the effects of school administrators as well. However, little research has considered the … for the same principals. We also find that the most conceptually unappealing models, which over-attribute school effects …

within economics, indicating that heights are now widely accepted as a useful measure of human welfare. Much of this new work …

This paper assesses the validity and accuracy of firms' backward patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows from …. Using survey-based measures of the dimensions of knowledge flows, we identify sources of systematic measurement error … and direction of measurement error bias suggests that measuring knowledge flows with patent citations can lead to …

demonstrates that publications likely suffer from non-classical measurement error. Using horse race and instrumental variable … models, we confirm that the Gold Standard data are relatively free from measurement error but show that the Clarivate data … suffer from non-classical measurement error. We employ a variety of methods to adjust the Clarivate data for false negatives …