to hubbing and congestion externalities. Airline hubs enable passengers to cross-connect to many destinations, thus … hub airline equating high marginal benefits from hubbing with the marginal cost of delays. Congestion externalities are … results suggest that an optimal congestion tax would have a relatively small impact on air traffic delays since hub carriers …

This paper presents a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking. We … assume that the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results come out from the model, one …

, and congestion reductions that could be expected from switching to other insurance pricing systems. Under a competitive … insured vehicle. When uninsured accident cost savings and congestion reductions are considered, the net benefits rise to $25 …

their classmates do worse. The theory presented below reconciles all of these facts by recognizing that classroom teaching … is a public good where congestion effects are potentially important. Because the optimal class size is larger for behaved … ranges away from equilibrium levels will adversely affect educational output. The theory argues for a particular non …

In countries, such as Singapore, that have implemented vehicle congestion policies, recent years have seen a shift …, we investigate the relative merits of ownership and use taxes. We compare full internalisation of congestion … congestion damage rises with more trips. Ownership taxes only partially internalise congestion externalities. However, in terms …

-migration, congestion of other local publicly provided goods may offset the direct benefits. Using the example of rural household … location choice model that incorporates missing land markets and allows for congestion in local land. Using this model, we … prediction from the model is that migration elasticities and congestion effects are especially large when land markets are …