), academic commercialization (patenting, licensing, and start-ups) and traditional academic scholarship. It exploits large … faculty) and important than is academic commercialization (at 19% of faculty). Academic engagement generates 15-20 times the … research funds than academic commercialization does, but both continue to be dwarfed by public funding. We find evidence of …

commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We … advantage over faculty startups, and that on average the probability of successful commercialization is somewhat higher in the …

commercialization with the startup. While the prevailing theory of disruptive innovation suggests that this will lead to (exclusively …) competitive commercialization and the eventual replacement of incumbents, we consider a dynamic strategy involving product market … entry before switching to a cooperative commercialization strategy. Empirical evidence from the automated speech recognition …