from innovation. In this paper, we revisit that question using a nationally representative sample of firms over the period … of the economics of innovation. There are five main findings. First, while patenting firms are relatively uncommon in the … economy, they account for an overwhelming share of R&D spending. Second, firms consider utility patents less important on …

"--a linkage between approved small-molecule drugs and the patents that protect them. The Orange Book also reports any applicable …

We develop measures of labor-saving and labor-augmenting technology exposure using textual analysis of patents and job …

scope, march-in rights can be exercised only on patents that result from federally funded research, and they can enable … generic entry only if all patents on a drug were public-sector patents. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using … march-in rights to lower pharmaceutical prices by examining patents on drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug …

United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National … Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially narrowed in Europe. Underrepresented minorities are less likely to …

We document that monetary policy has a substantial impact on innovation activities. After a tightening shock of 100 …-based aggregate innovation index, declines by up to 9 percent in the following 2 to 4 years. Based on previous estimates of the … sensitivity of output to innovation activities, these magnitudes imply that output could be 1 percent lower after another 5 years …

-skill intensive and are associated with innovation, as well as with technology adoption, management, and diffusion within firms. Using …