infinity and trade costs also go to infinity. We obtain this limit in the Armington, Eaton-Kortum, Krugman, and Melitz models …. In all cases, the trade of the SOE with the foreign countries approaches a finite limit, and the domestic expenditure …

, beginning with Harris (1984), led to much larger welfare effects from changes such as trade liberalization. But the imperfect …

This paper studies the evolution of China's production and trade patterns during its integration into the global … growth acted as a counterforce. Consistent with the data, our model demonstrates that China's trade openness peaked around …

We measure the importance of increasing returns to scale and trade in medical services. Using Medicare claims data, we … of increasing returns and trade costs, policies to improve access to care face a proximity-concentration tradeoff …

, the impact of trade on innovation depends critically on how it drives scale and competition in high- versus low …

in response to internal economies of scale in trade costs. This suggests that chains will be longer on average in … fundamental trade-off: shorter chains have lower marginal cost but also fewer sellers, which can reduce competition, product …

deep trade agreements; and countries, especially small ones, sharing these traits with attractive destinations receive …

We use the dynamics of U.S. imports across goods in the period around the U.S.-China trade war with a model of exporter … dynamics to estimate the dynamic path of the probability of transiting between Normal Trade Relations and a trade war state. We … find (i) there was no increase in the likelihood of a trade war before 2018; (ii) the trade war was initially expected to …

. What are the impacts of these policies, and what do they reveal about market power in international trade? We study a … the government's trade and investment objectives, and over time to safeguard the current account. Interacting these …