.S. decennial census data from the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Comparing children coded as "Black" or "Mulatto" by census … enumerators and linking these children across population censuses, we first document large gaps in educational attainment and … identify all 36,329 families in which enumerators assigned same-gender siblings different Black/Mulatto classifications …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is … plausibly random. Given a strong son-preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the first born is a girl. Our IV … number of children and investments in education and health of their children. To address the endogeneity due to the joint …

An estimated 20 million children born each year are at risk of brain damage from in utero iodine deficiency, the only … improvements in cognitive ability attributable to the intervention by assessing whether children who benefited from IOC in utero … exhibit higher rates of grade progression at ages 10 to 14 relative to siblings and older and younger children in the district …

children of mothers with low AFQT scores …

connection between cognitive skills of parents and their children by exploiting within-family between-subject variation in these … close at about 0.1. Finally, we show the strong influence of family skill transmission on children's choices of STEM fields …

We use data from the 11 waves of the U.S. Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development 1991-2005, following children … family income, parents' education, race/ethnicity and gender, being better-looking raised subsequent changes in measurements … instrumenting children's looks by their mother's, and do not work through teachers' differential treatment of better …

emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

In this paper, we investigate the association between weight and children's educational achievement, as measured by … 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which contains a large, national sample of children …-invariant characteristics of the child. Our results suggest that, in general, children who are overweight or obese have achievement test scores …

controlling for maternal scores, there are significant gaps in the scores of black and white children which suggests that maternal …, conditional on maternal AFQT. We argue that racial gaps in test scores matter because even within families, children with higher …