. To fill this gap, we build a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and firing costs in the tradition of …

presence of a redistributional tax policy, credit market constraints, administrative costs of tax collection, and lack of … government commitment. We characterize how decreasing migration costs for skilled workers affect the time-consistent policies of … in migration costs is Pareto improving when migration costs are high, but have ambiguous effects when these costs are low …

This paper surveys the measurement of trade costs --- what we know, and what we don't know but may usefully attempt to … find out. Partial and incomplete data on direct measures of costs go together with inference on implicit costs from trade … flows and prices. Total trade costs in rich countries are large. The ad valorem tax equivalent is about 170% when pushing …

margins and overhead costs using data on over 1,400 banks across 72 countries while controlling for bank … intermediation. Inflation also exerts a robust, positive impact on bank margins and overhead costs. While concentration is positively …

will be affordable. In this paper, I present the facts about how much accountability costs. The facts are, fortunately …, highly knowable because costs show up both as expenditures on government budgets and as revenues on companies' (mainly test … makers') accounts. Moreover, it turns out that worrying about measurement error in the cost data is pointless. The costs of …

-funding is very effective in controlling guarantee costs in traditional DB plans, it is highly ineffective for DC-MB plans. This … larger than the DB benefit. This paper considers two approaches to controlling guarantee costs. The first approach borrows … in the bad states are subsidized. Both options are very effective at controlling guarantee costs, and they can be used …

of the Tiebout hypothesis using historical variation in mobility costs. Our extension of the Tiebout model to incorporate … such costs yields the following comparative statics: as mobility costs fall, the heterogeneity across communities of … mobility costs have fallen over time, a natural test of the Tiebout hypothesis is to take these predictions to the data here …

costs, where the future terms of trade are random. Allowing time dependent transportation costs adds a dimension of … in countries characterized by low terms of trade volatility and low financing costs. In these circumstances, imports are … pre-bought, and the spot market for imports is inactive. In countries where the financing costs and the terms of trade …

This paper presents new evidence on the costs of purchasing private annuity contracts to spread a given stock of assets … are purchased through a large group retirement saving program, some of the administrative costs are lower than those in …