As patent data become more available in machine-readable form, an increasing number of researchers have begun to use … the economic meaning of these citation-based patent measures using the financial market valuation of the firms that own … measures of Tobin's Q for the firms. We find that citation-weighted patent stocks are more highly correlated with market value …

observed patent citations. A cohort of 1993 patentees were asked specifically about 2 patents that they had cited, and a third … placebo' patent that was similar but which they did not cite. One of the two cited inventors was also surveyed. We find that … technological relationship between the inventions. We also find a significant correlation between the number of citations a patent …

motives to patent indicate that firms patent for reasons that often extend beyond directly profiting from a patented … motives for patenting include the prevention of rivals from patenting related inventions (i.e., patent blocking'), the use of … patents in negotiations and the prevention of suits. We find that firms commonly patent for different reasons in discrete …

of the developing world introduces patent protection for new drug products. This may lead to more research on drugs to … those already offering such protection the situation offers a unique opportunity to examine the incentive role of patent … provides a baseline' against which future research activity can be compared once the new global patent regime is fully …

bodies and private firms. One little-explored empirical testing ground is the patent system. This paper examines the … administrative practices of patent offices in sixty countries over a 150-year period. I show that the usage of patent renewal fees … economies, and those where international trade is more important-incorporate discretionary features into their patent systems …

latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims, forward citations, backward citations and … important. Our measure of quality is significantly related to subsequent decisions to renew a patent and to litigate … infringements. Using patent and R&D data for 100 U.S. manufacturing firms, we find that adjusting for quality removes much of the …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … patent policy are few. Possible reasons for these limited results are discussed, and possible avenues for future research are …

technological knowledge. Relying on evidence compiled from patent records, we argue that the evolution of a market for technology … trade in patent rights was closely associated with increases in specialization at invention, as well as advances in rates of … invention more generally. The patent system is often celebrated for the stimulus to invention provided by granting limited …

It may be advantageous to provide a variety of kinds of patent protection to heterogenous innovations. Innovations … protection in order to be encouraged. We model the problem of designing an optimal patent menu (scope and length) when the … fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …

patent histories and R&D expenditures, after controlling for other firm-specific variables including size and likelihood of …