's total hours worked fall by 9.8 percent, more than twice the decline among men. School closures for summer break …--and corresponding lapses in implicit childcare--provide a unifying explanation for these patterns. The summer drop in female employment … aligns with cross-state differences in the timing of school closures, is concentrated among mothers with young school …

the likelihood of the households having childcare expenses. Finally, consistent with the tradeoffs of policy design, we …

College-educated mothers spend substantially more time in intensive childcare than less educated mothers despite their … childcare more. We find that among all mothers, spending time in childcare is associated with higher positive feelings compared … negative feelings during intensive childcare than other mothers. Moreover, college-educated mothers report substantially fewer …

This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare … earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a universal childcare program in Quebec, we find formal childcare … and the pre-policy supply of informal childcare by grandmothers …

selection in the market. There is some limited evidence for moral hazard as nonprofit centers with very clean reception areas …

This paper uses a rich employer-employee matched data set to investigate the existence and the extent of nonprofit and …-selection into the for-profit or nonprofit sectors, into full-time or part-time work, as well as unobserved worker heterogeneity … using a discrete factor model. We find differences between the regimes (full-time for-profit, full-time nonprofit, part …