We quantify and explain the firm responses and worker impacts of foreign demand shocks to domestic production networks … estimates of firm responses suggest that Belgian firms pass on a large share of a foreign demand shock to their domestic … in foreign demand propagate through a small open economy and affect firms and workers. Our results suggest that the way …

. Using the universe of buyer-supplier relationships in Belgium, the paper develops a set of stylized facts that motivate a … model in which firms buy inputs from upstream suppliers and sell to downstream buyers and final demand. Larger firm size can …

-oriented manufacturers generate substantial value added in other Belgian firms, in particular providers of services; c) Belgium's backward …

performance in Belgium. The results show that the numerous retirement and social security program reforms have had a marked impact …

aggregate supply, productivity, and demand shocks. We estimate a large increase in the failure rate of SMEs under COVID-19 of …

estimates still capture price and demand shocks which are most likely to be correlated with the change in the operating … demand system. I combine a unique data set containing matched plant-level and product-level information with detailed product …-level quota protection information to recover estimates for productivity as well as parameters of the demand side (markups). I …