' absence and had heterogeneous effects: larger firms and those with direct contractual relationships in export markets suffered …

We develop a model of international trade with export quality requirements and two dimensions of firm heterogeneity. In … empirical fact that firm size is not monotonically related with export status: there are small firms that export and large firms … heterogeneity as they imply no variation in export status after size is controlled for. We find strong support for the predictions …

Using transactions-level customs data from Colombia, we study firm-specific export patterns over the period 1996 … previous year. These new exporters tend to be extremely small in terms of their overall contribution to export revenues, and … most do not continue exporting in the following year. Hence export sales are dominated by a small number of very large and …

identify specific barriers to exporting and to measure their importance. We develop a model of firm-level export dynamics that … customs records of U.S. imports of manufactures from Colombia we replicate patterns of exporter maturation. A potentially … response of total export sales to an exchange rate shock exceeds the 1-year response by about 40 percent, with the 1-year …

Free trade or preferential trade areas (PTAs) allow importers who belong to the area to export to each other while …