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Industrial Policy and the Great Divergence
Juhász, Réka; Steinwender, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
We discuss recent work evaluating the role of the government in shaping the economy during the long 19th century, a practice we refer to as industrial policy. We show that states deployed a vast variety of different policies aimed at, primarily, but not exclusively, fostering industrialization....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014372493
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Sparse Production Networks
Bernard, Andrew B.; Zi, Yuan - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Firm-to-firm connections in domestic and international production networks play a fundamental role in economic outcomes. Firm heterogeneity and the sparse nature of firm-to-firm connections implicitly discipline network structure. We find that a large group of well-established statistical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013388852
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Lessons from U.S.-China Trade Relations
Caliendo, Lorenzo; Parro, Fernando - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We review theoretical and empirical work on the economic effects of the United States and China trade relations during … economic effects on different outcomes. We then focus on the recent U.S.-China trade war. We discuss methods used to evaluate … its effects, describe its economic effects, and analyze if this increase in trade protectionism reverted the effects of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013361989
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On the Ubiquity of Declining Business Dynamism
Hummels, David; Yue, Kan - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
Recent work documents declining business dynamism in the United States, with concerning implications for markups, innovation and productivity. Using import data for 146 countries over three decades we document a set of new stylized facts describing market dynamism world-wide. Market entry rates...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014576666
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Should History Change The Way We Think About Populism?
De Bromhead, Alan; O'Rourke, Kevin Hjortshøj - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
This paper asks whether history should change the way in which economists and economic historians think about populism. We use Müller's definition, according to which populism is 'an exclusionary form of identity politics, which is why it poses a threat to democracy'. We make three historical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014250166
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Energy and the Environment in Economic History
Clay, Karen - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
Both energy and the environment are inputs into production, influencing the economy and the overall welfare of the population. While the economy itself has been a central focus of economic history from its inception, energy and the environment have received more limited attention. On the energy...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014322795
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Sovereign Haircuts : 200 Years of Creditor Losses
Luckner, Clemens von <Graf>; Meyer, Josefin; Reinhart, … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
We study sovereign external debt crises over the past 200 years, with a focus on creditor losses, or "haircuts". Our sample covers 327 sovereign debt restructurings with external private creditors over 205 default spells since 1815. Creditor losses vary widely (from none to 100%), but the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014576628
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Loose Monetary Policy and Financial Instability
Grimm, Maximilian; Jordà, Òscar; Schularick, Moritz; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
Do periods of persistently loose monetary policy increase financial fragility and the likelihood of a financial crisis? This is a central question for policymakers, yet the literature does not provide systematic empirical evidence about this link at the aggregate level. In this paper we fill...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014226155
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Banking Crises in Historical Perspective
Frydman, Carola; Xu, Chenzi - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
This paper surveys the recent empirical literature on historical banking crises, defined as events taking place before 1980. Advances in data collection and identification have provided new insights into the causes and consequences of crises both immediately and over the long run. We highlight...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014248010
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Tracing Sustainability in the Long Run : Genuine Savings Estimates 1850 - 2018
McLaughlin, Eoin; Ducoing, Cristián; Oxley, Les - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
We introduce a new database of historical Genuine Savings (GS), an indicator of sustainable development promoted by the World Bank and widely used in contemporary economic research. GS derives from the theoretical work on wealth accounting, and addresses shortcomings in conventional metrics of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014250172