Import tariffs tend to be higher for final goods than for inputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as tariff …-maximizing tariffs are uniform across sectors. We show that tariff escalation can be rationalized on efficiency grounds in the presence … up the chain for final-good tariffs, input tariffs may drive final-good producers to relocate abroad, mitigating their …

decline in import growth. We then construct measures of export exposure to import tariffs by linking tariffs paid by importing …

in import tariffs, and we apply this method to the United States. Tariff revenue is assumed to be distributed on a per …-capita basis, so states with greater production will experience a welfare gain from tariffs on those products (due to rising … states benefitted from reduced tariffs, with national welfare gains of $5.8 billion or $50 per household in 2017. These …