parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … find that the policies exacerbated the motherhood penalty in labor market outcomes and that they affected fertility choices …

To assess whether earnings-dependent maternity leave positively impacts fertility and narrows the baby gap between high … educated (high earning) and low educated (low earning) women, I exploit a major maternity leave benefit reform in Germany that … fertility up to 5 years post reform. In addition to demonstrating an up to 22% increase in the fertility of tertiary educated …

limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this … about family size and contraception, and social pressure. Free contraception did not influence fertility even in combination …

through unemployment insurance (UI). We introduce a novel empirical test of standard neoclassical models of fertility that … fertility rates. This implies that the well-documented cyclical nature of fertility rates is about access to liquidity. We also …

at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with …

the fertility and marital behavior in Germany, until recently a lowest-low fertility setting. We find that exposure to … greater import competition from Eastern Europe led to worse labor market outcomes and lower fertility rates. In contrast …, workers in industries that benefited from increased exports had better employment prospects and higher fertility. These …