The impact of insurer competition on welfare, negotiated provider prices, and premiums in the U.S. private health care … industry is theoretically ambiguous. Reduced competition may increase the premiums charged by insurers and their payments made … hospital-insurer bargaining over premiums and reimbursements, household demand for insurance, and individual demand for …

effect of spillovers on research productivity of firms exceeds the structural effect because it includes an active learning … expenditures and internal research expenditures. The findings are consistent with the view that learning expenditures transmit the …

to "crowd out" private R&D? Conflicting answers are given to this question. We survey the body of available economectric … conclude by offering suggestions for improving future empirical research on this issue …

research output, the time and cost to completion, and the market demand for the R&D output. The model is then applied to study … there is no consensus on how to administer the sponsorship effectively. Different research incentive contracts are examined …

Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit … responses of researchers to rules, socially optimal rules are derived. Research incentive issues have private business analogues …

This paper develops a theory of promotion based on evaluations by the already promoted. The already promoted show some …