subsidy schedule to estimate willingness to pay and costs of insurance among low-income adults. As subsidies decline … expected costs. As a result, we estimate that take-up will be highly incomplete even with generous subsidies: if enrollee …

Using premium subsidies for private coverage, an individual mandate, and Medicaid expansion, the Affordable Care Act … responsive to price subsidies, with larger gains in state-based insurance exchanges than the federal exchange. The individual … essentially no crowd-out of private insurance. Overall, exchange premium subsidies produced 40% of the coverage gains explained by …

service regulation. Using variation created by the rule's introduction as a natural experiment, we find claims costs rose …

Health insurance is increasingly provided through managed competition, in which subsidies for consumers and risk … adjustment for insurers are key market design instruments. We illustrate that subsidies offer two advantages over risk adjustment … from the California Affordable Care Act marketplace. Holding government spending fixed, we estimate that subsidies can …

power and/or risk adjustment. Moreover, converting the ACA's premium-linked subsidies to vouchers mitigates the impact of …