that Japan imports less than other countries, but also exports less than other countries. Relative to the U.S., Japanese … export performance is half as strong today as it was in the mid-1980s. Bilaterally, Japan's normalized imports from the U ….S. are greater than U.S. normalized imports from Japan …

) to Japan. Despite possibly large estimation errors due to statistical deficiencies, the framework is very useful for … analyzing the relationship of the Japanese economy to the world economy. We find that Japan is special in the following four … affiliates, rather than depending on cross-border exports by parent firms located in Japan. Second, the much smaller activities …

international trade in manufactured goods. These include: 1. Indexes of export prices for the U.S., Germany, and Japan, based on … of domestic prices for the U. S., Germany, and Japan based on export weights; 3. Indexes for developed country exports of … exports of manufactures, and indexes for exports of the U.S., Germany, and Japan on the sane sets of weights. The indexes for …

profit opportunities in the world market. The model predicts that a country such as Japan, with abundance of skilled labor …