Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2016
large increase in its DR because its fertility rate is low, its people are long lived and it has little immigration …. Fertility is the largest of the contributors in Japan. If there are no demographic changes in Japan, the DR will be 0.88 by 2050 … dependency ratio (DR), is currently about 0.64. In the immediate pre-WWII era it was even higher because Japan's total fertility …